Pregnancy is an incredible journey, but it also shows up with many changes in the body. One of the conditions that some women experience during this time is diabetes that happens only during pregnancy: it’s called gestational diabetes. If you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it’s essential to be aware of this condition so you can take action to maintain your health and keep your baby safe.
Let’s explore what gestational diabetes is, why it happens, and how you can manage it in a healthy way.
What Is Gestational Diabetes?
Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It means your body is not able to utilise insulin correctly, which causes high blood sugar levels. This condition typically resolves after the baby is born, but it must be managed during pregnancy to prevent potential health issues for both the mother and the baby.
Why It Happens During Pregnancy?
During pregnancy, your body undergoes several hormonal changes. These hormones can sometimes block insulin, the hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. When this happens, sugar starts building up in the blood instead of being used by the body for energy. That’s when gestational diabetes can develop.
It usually starts in the second or third trimester and can affect women who never had diabetes before.
Who Is at Risk for Gestational Diabetes?
Any pregnant woman can develop gestational diabetes, but some are more at risk than others. You may be at higher risk if:
- You were overweight before pregnancy
- You have a family history of diabetes
- You are over 25 years old
- You had gestational diabetes in a past pregnancy
- You have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- You have given birth to a large baby (over 4 kg) before
Knowing your risk can get you and your doctor to remain prepared and watch for signs early on.
Common Signs and Symptoms
Most women with gestational diabetes don’t notice any major symptoms. That’s why testing during pregnancy is so important. Still, some women may experience:
- Feeling more thirsty than usual
- Needing to urinate more often
- Feeling tired or weak
- Blurry vision
If you notice any of these, it’s always best to talk to your doctor. However, remember that the only way to know for certain is through a blood test.
How Gestational Diabetes Is Diagnosed?
Generally, around 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy, a routine test is done to check for gestational diabetes [1]. This is called a glucose screening test. You will need to drink a sweet liquid, and then your blood sugar level will be tested shortly after. If the result is high, another test may be done to confirm.
These tests are simple but very important for you and your baby’s health.
Health Risks for Mother and Baby
If gestational diabetes is not managed properly, it can cause problems for both the mother and the baby. Some risks include:
For the mother:
- High blood pressure
- Complications during delivery
- Increased chance of developing type 2 diabetes later in life
For the baby:
- Being born too large (macrosomia), which can make delivery difficult
- Low blood sugar after birth
- Breathing problems
- Higher risk of becoming overweight or developing diabetes in the future
This is why managing blood sugar during pregnancy is so important.
Managing Gestational Diabetes Through Diet and Lifestyle
The good news is that many women can manage gestational diabetes with healthy lifestyle changes. Here are a few tips:
- Eat a balanced diet: Include whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and protein. Avoid sugary snacks and drinks.
- Eat smaller, more frequent meals: This helps keep your blood sugar steady.
- Exercise regularly: A simple walk or light workout can help lower blood sugar [2].
- Monitor your weight: Gaining the right amount of weight during pregnancy is important.
A dietitian may help you plan meals that are healthy for both you and your baby.
When Medications or Insulin Are Needed
Sometimes, diet and exercise alone are not enough to control gestational diabetes. In such cases, your doctor might recommend insulin or other safe medications during pregnancy. This can help maintain blood sugar levels under control and reduce risks for both mother and baby.
Monitoring Blood Sugar Levels During Pregnancy
If you are diagnosed with gestational diabetes, you may need to check your blood sugar regularly; sometimes even four times a day. Your doctor will guide you on when and how to do it. Keeping a record of your sugar levels will help you and your doctor decide what alterations are needed in your care plan.
Will Gestational Diabetes Go Away After Delivery?
In the majority of cases, gestational diabetes goes away after the baby is born. However, some women may continue to have high blood sugar, which needs further testing a few weeks after delivery. Even if it goes away, you are at a higher risk of suffering from diabetes later in life.
Therefore, it’s essential to undergo regular checkups and maintain good health even after pregnancy.
Can Gestational Diabetes Affect Future Pregnancies?
Yes, women who had gestational diabetes once are more likely to get it again in future pregnancies. However, by maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and remaining active, you can significantly reduce your risk.
Let your doctor know if you had gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy so that they can test you early the next time.
Conclusion
Gestational diabetes can feel scary, but with the right care, most women have healthy pregnancies and healthy babies. The key is early detection, healthy habits, and regular checkups. If you’re pregnant or planning to be, stay informed and speak to your doctor about testing for diabetes during pregnancy.
Citations
[1] https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355345#:~:text=If%20you%27re%20at%20average%20risk%20of%20gestational%20diabetes%2C%20you%27ll%20likely%20have%20a%20screening%20test%20for%20gestational%20diabetes%20during%20the%20second%20trimester.%20That%20test%20often%20happens%20between%2024%20and%2028%20weeks%20of%20pregnancy
[2] https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9012-gestational-diabetes#:~:text=Exercise%20helps%20your%20body%20use%20more%20glucose%2C%20which%20may%20lower%20your%20blood%20sugar.%20If%20you%20have%20gestational%20diabetes%2C%20talk%20to%20your%20healthcare%20provider%20about%20creating%20a%20safe%20exercise%20plan.%20Your%20exercise%20plan%20should%20be%20unique%20to%20your%20overall%20health%20and%20your%20fitness%20level%20before%20pregnancy.
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